INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the frequency, anatomical features, and volumetric size of Stafne Bone Cavity (SBC) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS: CBCT image of a total of 1664 patients was reviewed retrospectively. The demographic information of all patients and the side, location, shape, border feature, relationship with anatomical structures, and volumetric dimension measurement values of SBCs detected in CBCT images were recorded. Medical image processing program (ITK-SNAP 2.4.0; Cognitica, Philadelphia, Pa) was used to measure the volumetric size of SBC.
RESULTS: SBC was detected in 8 (0.48%) of 1664 patients, 5 (62.5%) male and 3 (37.5%) female. All SBCs were unilaterally located in the posterior region of the mandible, oval-shaped, and sclerotic border. It was determined that SBCs were mostly associated with the buccal cortical bone, mandibular inferior cortex, and mandibular canal in their relationship with anatomical structures (37.5%, 75% and 75%, respectively). The mean volumetric size of the SBC was 416.18±180.88 mm3.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the frequency of SBC was 0.48%. All the determined SBC was unilateral, oval-shaped, and sclerotic border, and was observed in the posterior region of the mandible. The mean volumetric size of SBCs was measured as 416.18±180.88 mm3.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the content, quality, usefulness, and tendency of the YouTube videos that present information about orthodontic treatment.
METHODS: The keyword "How-to-straighten-teeth" was selected using Google Trends. 84 videos were assessed among the first 150 videos on YouTube search. Videos were classified according to their Global Quality Scale (GQS) and Content Evaluation Score (CES) values. The video sources, video characteristics, GQS, and CES values were analyzed. Videos with high viewing and interaction rates were evaluated to assess audience trends in terms of the treatment methods they describe.
RESULTS: According to the CES value, 63.1% of the videos were classified as low content. According to the GQS value, 41.7% of the videos were classified as useless. 36.7% of videos with the highest viewing and interaction rates were predominantly about clear aligner treatment. 50% of the do-it-yourself (DIY) videos with higher rates were shared by the patients.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The videos shared on YouTube mostly had inadequate content and nearly half of them were useless. Patient-sourced videos made up the least percentage but had the highest number of views, likes, dislikes, comments, and viewing rates. The audience trends have focused on clear aligner and DIY treatments while accepting labial fixed orthodontic treatment as an established alternative.

INTRODUCTION: It was aimed to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in periodontal disease and COVID-19.
METHODS: A total of 76 individuals with systemically healthy constituted our study population. A history of COVID-19 was obtained. The periodontal measurements including gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), percentage of bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Salivary TAC and TOC levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 20.0 program.
RESULTS: While group with COVID-19 (C+) had increased PI, GI, PPD, TOC and OSI compared to group who had not experienced COVID-19 (C-), the increase in CAL and the decrease in TAC values was significant in the presence of periodontitis (p = 0.036 and p = 0.016, respectively). 65% of the C(+) group had stage 2 and 3 periodontitis, while this rate was 17% in the C(-) group (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study is the first regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and periodontal disease via oxidative stress. The case-controlled studies to be conducted in large populations will constitute an important step for public health by drawing attention to the mechanistic aspect of relationship between the two diseases.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to compare the knowledge levels of the doctors working in the branches of surgical medicine and internal medicine about dental traumas and to increase the level of knowledge and awareness about this subject.
METHODS: In this study, an electronic questionnaire containing twenty questions about dental traumas was applied to a total of 126 physicians working as assistants or specialists in surgical and internal branches in various hospitals in and around İzmir.
RESULTS: Particularly in cases of the avulsion, the level of knowledge of the participants in terms of treatment procedures related to the replacement of the tooth was found to be low. While no statistically significant difference was observed in the correct answers given to the questionnaire according to gender (p>0.05), a significant difference was found according to the status of being a branch-assistant-specialist (p=0.045). In addition, when the answers were analyzed according to the status of being an assistant-specialist, it was seen that assistant physicians had statistically significantly higher scores than specialist physicians (p=0.013).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, it was thought that medical doctors do not have sufficient knowledge about emergency interventions in dental traumas and that training should be intensified in this professional group.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of universal adhesives on the bond strength of resin cements to enamel-dentine.
METHODS: In this study,facial-enamel surface of 60 freshly extracted human upper-incisors and middle-coronal dentine surface of 60 freshly extracted human lower third-molars were used.According to applied adhesive and cement,20 groups (n=12) were randomly formed, with 2 samples each tooth.Phosphoric acid (37%) was applied to enamel surface 30 seconds,universal adhesive was applied to the dentine surface without applying acid,and resin cement samples were bonded with Tygon tubes.RelyXU200 (3M ESPE,Germany) and VariolinkN (Ivoclar Vivadent,Liechtenstein) resin cement were used with Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE,Germany),All Bond Universal (Bisco,USA),Clearfil Universal (Kuraray,Japan) and FuturabondU (Voco,Germany) adhesives were used.After the samples were subjected 5000 thermal-cycles,micro-shear bond test was performed on universal testing machine.Fracture types were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).Obtained data were evaluated with One-Way ANOVA and Tukey-Post-Hoc tests(p<0.05).
RESULTS: Universal adhesives increased bond strength of resin cement statistically significantly.In addition,bond strength enamel groups was higher than dentine groups.The lowest bond strength in enamel(13.5±2.8) and dentine(4.9±1.6) was observed group where RelyXU200 resin cement was used without applying adhesive(p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In clinical applications,universal adhesives can be preferred before resin cementation in order to increase bond strength to enamel-dentine.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate the acidity of various beverages that mothers frequently consume during pregnancy and breastfeeding period.
METHODS: 22 beverages were used in this study: All beverages were left at room temperature for 8 hours without being opened, The pH measurements of each liquid were made with pH meter. The freshly prepared beverages were used and the average pH value was calculated. Beverages were divided into 4 groups according to their types as fruit-flavored drinks, teas, probiotic drinks, and milk and dairy products. Mean pH values of groups were calculated.
RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found in the comparison of fruit-flavored beverages and teas in the study. (p<0.05) There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of teas and probiotics. (p>0.05) Likewise, no statistically significant difference was found in the comparison of fruit-flavored drinks and probiotic drinks, and in the comparison of teas and dairy drinks. (p>0.05)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Probiotic drinks, milk and dairy products, teas, and fruit-flavored beverages consumed by mothers during the pregnancy and breastfeeding period vary in terms of acidity properties. The highest acid value was determined in fruit-flavored beverages, and the lowest acid value was determined in teas.

Dental caries is a common infectious microbial disease in humans. Many factors can be effective in the etiology of dental caries. At the beginning of these, there are 4 basic factors: tooth structure, fermentable carbohydrates, time and cariogenic microorganism. Etiological factors must be controlled in order to prevent dental caries. Knowing the risk factors is critical in controlling dental caries. Caries risk factors include many different factors; such as saliva, diet, fluoride, oral biofilm, oral hygiene, lifestyle and socioeconomic status. If dental caries is not intervened after it occurs, it has a progressive feature. For this reason, preventive and interceptive treatments become important both before the formation of caries and at the initial grade of caries. In order to plan the treatments in question, the caries risk of the individual must first be determined. Individuals can be divided into low risk group, medium risk group and high risk group according to their caries risk. Especially in the high risk group and medium risk group, caries prevention and interception have great importance. Dental caries have been classified in various ways both to facilitate its identification and to determine the most appropriate dental treatment to prevent or intercept it.

Developmental enamel defects are hereditary or acquired defects that manifest themselves with enamel tissue of lower quality than normal enamel tissue, and occur as a result of destruction or cessation of development during the development of enamel tissue. The etiology of developmental enamel defects includes genetic, systemic, local or environmental factors.The severity of the defect often depends on the stage of development at which the defect occurs, as well as the extent and duration of the defect.Developmental enamel defects can be classified as localized and generalized, as well as inherited (genetic) and acquired (environmental).Studies report that the prevalence of developmental enamel defects in developed countries and healthy children is between 10%-49% in primary dentition and 9%-63% in permanent dentition.Diagnosis of developmental enamel defects is very important.Collaboration of family, physician and patient is required in the treatment of these defects. The treatment approach should be focused on early diagnosis and preventive treatment. Today, however, these defects cause an increasing burden of dental treatment in children and adolescents.It is thought that with the spread of preventive dentistry practices in the future, these defects can be detected at earlier ages and more promising results can be obtained in terms of treatment and prognosis.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new dangerous childhood disease that is temporally associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients usually present with mild symptoms, however a small proportion of them may require intensive care due to multiorgan failure related to MIS-C. During the course of the disease of COVID-19 and MIS-C, oral lesions are observed in pediatric patients. Oral lesions are seen in pediatric patients who have had COVID-19 and MIS-C during this period. The most common affected sites are the tongue buccal mucosa and lips. Oral manifestations are important features and may play a part in the diagnosis and management both of the diseases. This review article summarises the oral mucosal lesions in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C.