Despite being on the market for over two decades and the numerous research, dental lasers are still a research subject for dentists. Nowadays, lasers with specific wavelengths have widespread uses. Laser procedures have not been considered as a primary treatment option, but it can be used as an alternative method for cavite preparation, treatment of hypersensitivity, surface treatment, bleaching, detertraj, endodontic treatment, bone ablation and analgesia and will become an important part of the dental practice. With developments in laser technology, new facilities are found. Studies, subjecting effects and possible indications on dental hard tissues are ongoing. The aim of this study is to give information about Er: YAG lasers and PIPS (Photon Induced Photoacustic Streaming)

Aims of the review are to discuss the conventional treatment methods routinely used in pediatric dentistry and the regenerative methods that are being started to be frequently used today for the development of immature, young permanent teeth that have lost their vitality for any reason, and to present relevant studies, and so, to contribute to the future clinical practices. For root development of necrotic young permanent teeth, apexification therapy with different materials has been used for many years. Due to some disadvantages of this method, regenerative treatment methods have begun to become a current issue. Tissue engineering, which forms the basis of regenerative procedures, focuses on the restoration of tissues or organs that have lost their function, and performed studies in this subject show promising results in many areas of dentistry. Progressive technology has an important, ongoing effect on dental practices, from the development of high-speed hand tools to the use of biological repair materials. It is important for physicians to have detailed knowledge about these treatments and to present their long-term results by conducting researches in order that tissue engineering practices could be an alternative to currently used dental treatments.

and results in destruction in tooth supporting tissues. Oxidative stress is caused by the imbalance between the production of reactive species such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the antioxidant defense system. Reactive species can cause tissue damage by initiating free radical chain reactions. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and periodontal disease. It has been reported that oxidative stress is increased and total antioxidant capacity is decreased in periodontal disease. In a healthy organism there is a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Although antioxidant defense is a naturally occurring mechanism in the organism, external sources may also support this defense. The use of antioxidants in the treatment of periodontal disease and periodontal health has gained importance in recent studies. Antioxidants can be used to treat periodontal disease locally or systemically. Antioxidants, which play an important role in the stabilization of oxidative stress, are easily accessible through nutrition in our daily life. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of antioxidant nutrients in periodontal health.

INTRODUCTION: Bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed for the treatment of postmenopausal and corticosteroid induced osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, hypercalcemia associated with malignancy and osteolysis, associated with metastatic bone disease.Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ) may result in serious oral complication, such as osteomyelitis and chronic exposure of necrotic bone. Dentists must be familiar with this disorder and pay special attention to all patients on bisphosphonate therapy.
METHODS: This was a retrospective review of BRONJ in cancer patients. Data analyzed included age, sex, underlying disease,medical and dental history, bisphosphonates(BP) types.Local and systemic risk factors, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment strategies of treatment of our patients who are diagnosed to have BRONJ are evaluated.
RESULTS: The most common clinical osteonecrosis presentations included infection and necrotic bone in the mandible. Associated events included dental extraction infection and trauma. Despite surgical intervention antibiotic therapy hyperbaric oxygen therapy and topical use of chemotherapeutic mouth rinses, some of lesions did not respond well to therapy. Patients with persistent infection were re-operated or palliative treatment was started.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Before initiation of a bisphosphonate, patients should have a comprehensive dental examination. Patients with a challenging dental stiuation should have dental care attended to before initiation of these drugs.

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to evaluate the influence of different NiTi instrumentation systems and the gravity on the amount of apical irrigant extrusion.
METHODS: 104 root canals were assigned to four groups (n=26) as follows: Twisted File Adaptive (TFA), ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) systems. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=13) of maxillary and mandibular location, and an experimental model was used to simulate the upper and lower jaws. Extruded irrigant was collected into preweighed glass tubes and the amount of irrigant was determined using a 10-5 microbalance. The final measurement of extruded irrigant was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the post-operative weight. The final weights analysed statistically.
RESULTS: All systems caused irrigant extrusion and there was no significant difference between the instruments in both location (P > 0.05). The gravity had no impact in all systems (P > 0.05). When teeth were evaluated in general, significantly more irrigant were extruded in the mandibular location (p < 0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: All instrumentation systems caused apical extrusion of irrigant. Although the gravity did not affect the amount of irrigant in all systems, irrespective of the instruments, significantly more irrigant were extruded in the mandibular location.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the color changes of prefabricated and direct resin composites discolored in coffee after brushing.
METHODS: One prefabricated (Componeer-Coltène) and three direct resin composites (Brilliant Ever Glow-Coltène, Essentia-GC, Harmonize-Kerr) were used. Componeer samples were prepared with and without polishing. After baseline color-measurement, the specimens were immersed in coffee solution for one week and color-measurement was repeated. The specimens were then subjected to 1-year brushing (Toothbrush Simulation ZM-3.4-SD Mechatronics) with Pro-Expert Strong Teeth-Ipana, 3D White Luxe Perfection-Ipana and White Ruscello-GC toothpastes. Color-changes (ΔE) were calculated and statistical analysis was performed by multivariate ANOVA and posthoc Tukey test (p˂0.05).
RESULTS: Clinically unacceptable color-changes were observed in materials immersed in coffee solutions (ΔE=7.04, p˂0.05). The least discolored materials were Harmonize (ΔE=5.75±1.29), Componeer with polishing (ΔE=5.92±1.34) and Brilliant Ever Glow (ΔE=6.81±1.63). Higher color-changes were observed in Essentia (ΔE=7.68±1.54) and Componeer without polishing (ΔE=9.03±1.67) (p˂0.05). The discolorations returned to clinically undetectable levels after brushing in all groups (ΔE=1.07±0.64, p˂0.05). 3D White Luxe Perfection (ΔE=0.89±0.42) and Pro-Expert Strong Teeth (ΔE=0.92±0.65) exhibited higher activity and color-change was below the discernable limits (ΔE˂1).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The coffee discoloration of resin composites with improved polishability is less than prefabricated composites, however all discolorations could be removed by toothbrushing.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the association between keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and peri-implant soft tissue health.
METHODS: In fifty-two patients, 176 implants with at least 1 year of function were included in the study. Based on the width of keratinized mucosa on buccal surfaces, implants were divided into two groups: KMW≤ 2 mm and KMW> 2 mm. Clinical measurements of plaque index (PS), probing depths (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and supuration were performed. According to the clinical measurements and radiological evaluations, peri-implant soft tissue around the implants were classified as healthy, mucositis and peri-implantitis.
RESULTS: There were 86 implants in the group with KMW> 2 mm and 90 implants in the group with KMW ≤ 2 mm. PD, CAL, PS, and BOP were found to be significantly lower in the group with KMW> 2 mm (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in mucositis prevalence (p> 0.05). Prevalence of peri-implantitis was found significantly higher in the group with KDG ≤ 2mm (p> 0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been observed that the keratinized tissue width around the implant effects the peri-implanter soft tissue health.

The nasopalatine duct cyst(NPDc), also known as the incisive duct cyst, is a developmental cyst that arises from embryogenic epithelial tissue of the nasopalatine duct(incisive canal).The incidence of nasopalatine duct cyst, one of the most common developmental non odontogenic cysts in the oral cavity, among these cysts is 1%.Although seen between the fourth and sixth decades of the life cycle, men are three times more common than women.NPDc is on midline incisive foramen at maxillary anteriora is usually found on routine radiographic examinations.It’s usually unilateral and rarely bilateral.It's mostly asymptomatic.The most common symptoms are discharge, pain and swelling on the palate side of the maxilla.Although many factors may cause the proliferation of cyst epithelial cells, it is thought that trauma and infection are most effective.Treatment is mostly enucleation, and in very large cases it is marsupialisation.Recurrence after treatment is rare and the probable cause of recurrence is not completely operated.Paresthesia of the anterior palatal region is a rare complication, with nasopalatine nerve endings removed with cysts.Diagnosis is based on anamnesis, clinical examination and complementary tests.
In this case report, was aimed to present a detailed radiological examination of a symptomatic nasopalatine duct cyst in a 56 year old female patient.