The aim of this study is to review the usage of robotic applications in dentistry and to discuss general developments related to this subject. Various electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Evidence Based Dentistry, Google Scholar) and hand search were used for literature search. This research was conducted from January 2005 to January 2018. As a result of literature search, 109 numbers of literature were found. After reading the abstracts of the articles, related to medicine 19, related to other sciences 9, not related to robotic 6 and without full text access 8, totally 42 studies were eliminated. 42 review articles, 8 in vitro research articles, 9 in vivo research articles, 3 case reports and 5 editorial letters; totally 67 articles related to the robotic dentistry were included in this review. Dentistry has made a rapid entry into the digital world with robotic applications. This development will provide a great contribution to the reduction of the duration of treatment, to decrease of the effort shown by the dentist and treatment cost. However, there are still many limitations compared with conventional techniques.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this survey was to evaluate self-confidence of the final year students in oral surgery at Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Dentistry.
METHODS: A survey was prepared to assess the students’ self-confidence in oral surgery. The first section included the participants’ demographic values. In the second section; Likert-type scale was used in questions about oral surgery education and anatomy. The Mann-Whitney-U test and Fisher exact test were used to evaluate the results.
RESULTS: Sixty five students were included in the study. Thirtheen students thought that oral surgery was the most difficult field in dentistry. 64 students reported that they were satisfied with their surgical education received from the faculty. There was no difference between male and female students in terms of anterior or molar teeth extraction in terms of self-confidence levels. 36 students expressed that they trusted their anatomical knowledge. However, only 25 students reported that they trusted themselves to diagnose the malign lesions seen in the oral cavity.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As clinical experience of the students increases, self-confidence increases. There are lots of subjects in which the students reported a lack of confidence that warrants greater emphasis in the oral surgery curriculum

INTRODUCTION: The influence of fiber post insertion on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolar teeth with various amounts of tissue loss was evaluated.
METHODS: Forty extracted premolars were used. After preparing MOD cavities, endodontic therapy was performed using the step-back and lateral condensation techniques. The teeth were divided into 2 groups according to the remaining wall thickness which were 2 mm (A) and 1 mm (B). Afterwards, each wall thickness group was subdivided into 2 subgroups depending on whether fiber posts were inserted or not (n: 10). After restoration procedures, specimens were attached to a universal testing machine and compressive force (kN) was applied. Data were analyzed with Mann Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction(p<0.05).
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in all groups (p>0,05). However, in the presence of 1 mm wall thickness, the fiber-post-treated subgroup showed higher but statistically not significant fracture resistance in comparison to the subgroup without fiber post application.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: When the residual cavity wall thickness is sufficient, fiber post application shows similar fracture resistance with the direct composite restoration in endodontically treated premolars. On the other hand, fiber post application may increase the fracture strength of endodontically treated premolars when the remaining wall thickness is compromised.

In prosthetic dentistry, increasing sensivity an esthetics and biocompatibilty have moved both the patients’ and dentists’ demands to metal-free tooth colored restorations. For this reason, the use all-ceramic systems have became widely used. High bonding strength (BS) is crucial for long-term clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. The surface treatments that applied to the all-ceramic materials increase the BS between the all-ceramic restoration and cement, BS between two ceramic layers, and BS between the all-ceramic restoration and the repair material. Mechanical, chemical, or combination of these two methods can be applied to the ceramic surface for a realible bonding. Choosing the surface treatment method occording to the type and microstructure of the ceramic material is important for providing durable and stable bonding.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and opinions of the Turkish families about fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride applications.
METHODS: Oral examinations were performed according to the criteria of WHO (1997) and dmft and DMFT values were recorded. Demographic information, frequency of dental visits, brushing habits were reported. Their choice of fluoride/non fluoride toothpastes were recorded. The families were asked about their opinions about fluoride toothpastes and topical fluoride applications and their effects on dental health. Statistical analysis of the obtained data their opinionswas performed by using Chi-Square and Exact tests.
RESULTS: 59% of the families stated that they were not informed about the contents and effects of fluoride toothpastes. 70% of parents stated that they had no knowledge about the topical fluoride applications. With the increase in the education level of the parents, both the opinion that the fluoride toothpastes are toxic / harmful and use of non-fluoride toothpaste increased (p = 0.04).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Dentist should aim to raise the awareness of caries effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste use and topical fluoride applications at optimum dosages and intervals. Further studies are required.

INTRODUCTION: it is not clear that the decreased levels of antioxidants are the effect or the cause of the periodontal disease. Our aim is to find out how periodontal tratment affects the saliva and plasma antioxidant levels of periodontally affected patients, in relation to the antioxidant levels of the controls.
METHODS: In our study 24 periodontitis and 27 heathy controls, which were also grouped by their smoking status, were icluded. Saliva and blood samples were collected before, 2 and 6 months after the periodontal treatment. The total antioxidant levels were measured by the trolox equivalent antioxidant assay.
RESULTS: Eventhough the saliva and plasma antioxidant concentrations were lower in the non-smoking periodontitis subjects, it was not statistically significant. Both saliva and plasma antioxidant levels of the smoker controls were statistically higher than other groups at all times. After the treatment, the antioxidant levels of the non-smoker periodontitis subjects has raised to reach the levels of the non-smoker controls. The antioxidant levels of the smoker controls remained statistically higher than the smoker periodontitis subjects.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We conclude that, the low antioxidant levels found in periodontitis subjects are the result of periodontal disease and could be restored to the control subject levels with proper periodontal treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the fluoride release and recharge ability of various glass ionomer materials.
METHODS: In this study, three different glass ionomer materials (GC Fuji Triage, GC Fuji VII EP, GCP Glass Seal) were used. Thirty disc-shaped specimens (8.0x2.5 mm) were immersed in deionized water for initial aging during 49 days. The samples were measured on days 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43 and 49 by using a digital ion analyzer. The specimens were immersed in 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on the 49th day. After recharging, fluoride release measurements were repeated in the same intervals. The results were statistically analysed using non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U with Bonferroni correction tests (a=0.016). Friedman test, Wilcoxon test and Bonferroni correction were used for intertemporal comparisons (a=0.005).
RESULTS: The highest fluoride release for all materials were observed at the first day samples, this value decreased depending on the time. GCP Glass Seal released the most fluoride on the first day and fluoride release values from this material were found statistically significantly different from GC Fuji VII EP (p=0.000). It has been detected that, recharging with APF fluoride gel increased the fluoride release of the materials, however, the fluoride release levels decreased within time depending on the material type.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: All materials released fluoride during the study period and have ability of recharging. In comprasion to conventional glass ionomer material; while the fluoroapatite/hydroxyapatite added glass ionomer material released similar fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate added glass ionomer material released less.

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to compare adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and healthy controls in terms of changes in temporomandibular joint(TMJ) and neck structures.
METHODS: The study was performed with 51 patients (24 male, 27 female, mean age: 13.5 ± 2.1 years) with idiopathic scoliosis and 50 healthy subjects (23 males, 27 females, mean age: 14.5 ± 2.3 years). For evaluation, Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Clinical Protocol and Assessment Instruments (DC/TMD) form was used. The pressure pain threshold (PPT) values of selected structures were measured using a hand-held pressure algometer. Data was statistically evaluated with Mann Whitney-U, Wilcoxon and Chi-Square tests.
RESULTS: Following parameters showed statistically significant difference between groups (p≤0.001): presence of TMD, temporal headache, midline deviation, right and left lateral movements. PPT values resulted higher values in the control group compared with the study group (p<0.001). The type of pain-related TMD identified in the subjects was myalgia, and the ratio of myalgia resulted statistically significantly (p<0.001) higher in the study group (68.6%) than in the control group (22%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from the study that adolescents with IS appear to have a higher prevalence of TMD, and selected neck muscles are more susceptible to pain than healthy subjects.