Dental magnets have wide range of applications in prosthodontics and orthodontics. But all magnets produce static magnetic field leakages spreading to oral adjacent tissues. In the last years, due to the increase of contact with magnetic fields, it has been discussing if there are harmful effects of magnetic fields on human health. Numerous in vitro cell culture, in vivo animal and epidemiological studies have been performed to reveal biological effects of magnetic fields. In this studies, growth, mitotic activity, apoptosis, metabolic activity, magnetic orientation, morphology of cells and ion transport, genotoxic effects, gene expressions have been investigated.
As well as there are several studies in humans, animals and microorganisms show that the magnetic fields may have harmful biomagnetic effects; there are studies evaluating magnetic field effects both in vivo and in cell cultures which observed no significant differences. The influence of the static magnetic fields on dentoalveolar tissues has been debated. The objective of this review is to summarize the studies about bioeffects of magnetic fields on dentoalveolar tissues while giving general information about biological effects of magnetic fields.

Novel therapeutic approaches are needed for some periodontal disease cases, which the conventional treatment methods have limited effect. Photodynamic theraphy, that is a non-invasive and a large impact-spectrum treatment modality is one of these approaches. In this review, the general features of photodynamic theraphy, mechanism of its action and its use in medicine, dentistry and especially periodontology areas are described.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of food-simulating liquids (FSL) on the hardness of three different provisional restorative materials.
METHODS: Three provisional restorative materials were selected: (1) Tempofit, Detax
(2) Protemp 4, 3M ESPE (3) Temp S, Bisico. The specimens were fabricated
in customized molds and each type was randomly divided into five groups (n = 10). The
test groups were conditioned for 7 days at 370C as follows: water, 0.02N citric acid, heptane
and 75% ethanol in aqueous solution. Specimens in the control group were stored at
room temperature in air. After conditioning, the Knoop hardness of the test specimens was conducted using a digital micro-hardness tester (100 gf/15 s). Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: For all materials, the Knoop hardness were significantly lower than their control groups after conditioning in FSL(p<0.05). After heptane conditioning, test specimens of Temp S group was totally decomposed and were unable to test for Knoop hardness. Conditioning Tempofit with citric acid and ethanol decreased Knoop hardness more than water conditioning.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Hardness of provisional restorative materials are strongly influenced by food-simulating liquids.

OBJECTIVE: Retrograde filling materials should have low solubility properties to cause no adverse biological effects on surrounding tissues with soluble components and not affect the success of treatment. Purpose of this study is to compare different retrograde filling materials’ solubility percentage (ProRoot MTA, iRoot Bp ve iRoot Bp Plus).
METHODS: Eighteen stainless steel ring molds with internal diameter of 20 ± 0.1 mm and a height of 1.5 ± 0.1 mm were prepared. All of the molds were cleaned with acetone and weighted for 3 times. Molds were placed on sterile glass plates and materials were applied in molds in the form of layers. Specimens were suspended oven 37 C for 2 months and in distilled water to 100% relative humidity, weights were recorded after 1 months and 2 month.
RESULTS: The difference between measurements was not statistically significant, terms of the materials used in solubility of 1st and 2nd months, (p>0,05). Clinically, insoluble ranges were accepted for weight loss, after two months.
CONCLUSION: International Standards Organization accepts solubilities of the mass of material under 3%, to be low solubility. Retrograde filling materials used in the study of all solubility values adopted by the International Standards Organization 6876 standard don’t exceed the low solubility values. These materials might be used as retrograde filling materials.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conditioning systems on the bond strength between composite resin cement and zirconia ceramic surface and to determine the best systems in respect to bond strength.
METHODS: In this study, 60 samples were prepared for each group and 6 groups were prepared in respect to surface conditioning system. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to thermalcycling and luting agent. Totally 360 composite specimens were prepared in 3 mm diameter and 4 mm height. Six different conditioning systems (no conditioning, sand blasting, sand blasting+Ceramic Primer, sand blasting+Metal/zirconia Primer, CoJet, Rocatec) before cementation procedure. Two different composite resin luting cements (Panavia F and Multilink automix) were used for each surface conditioning system. The sShear bond strength were measured with a Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine (Model AG-50kNG). A knife-edge shearing rod at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min was used. Data were statistically analyzed with 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test was used for post hoc analysis (p<0.05).
RESULTS: Specimens that were luted with Multilink after applied sandblasting and Ceramic Primer exhibited highest bond strength value at 18.25 MPa (p<0.05). On the other hand, specimens that were luted with Multilink without surface conditioning after thermal cycling exhibited lowest bond strength value (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, in the cementaetion procedure applying Ceramic Primer or Zirconia Primer after sandblasting exhibited better result in respect to bond strength between zirconia ceramic and composite resin cement.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the flow properties of several impression materials used for the fabrication of ocular prostheses.
METHODS: In this study four different impression materials including one polyvinyl siloxane materials (Affinis) and the irreversibl hydrocolloid impression materials (Orthoprint, Ca37, Ophtalmic Alginate) were used. In each group 20 samples were prepared according to the shark fin test method. All impression materials were mixed according to the manufacturers’ instructions and injected into the shark fin device cup. The evaluation of fluidity of the irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials were measured right after the curing of the materials; whereas, due to the chemical properties of the polyvinyl siloxane materials, the evaluation were measured without any time limitation. The samples that resemble the shark fin were photographed from fixed distance. The height from zenith point to the bottom line and whole area of the fin were measured using a image processing software. The results were analysed using a variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Bonferroni tests (α=0.05).
RESULTS: The differences regarding fin height (h) and area (a) values among impression materials were significantly different (p<0,05). Affinis impression materials exhibitied the lowest height and area values (p<0.05). Ca37 impression materials showed the highest values (p<0,05), while there were no significant differences between Orthoprint and Opthalmic Alginate groups (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Ca37 impression material can be used in fabrication of ocular protheses due to its superior fluidity properties.

Aim of this report was to present successful treatment of three maxillary incisors with open apices and periapical lesions with MTA.
After preparing the access cavity, the working length was determined. The root canals were irrigated with 5% EDTA, 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), distilled water and 2% chlorhexidine. MTA was placed into the apical portion of the root canals to act as an apical barrier. Root canals were obturated with root canal sealer and gutta percha, then teeth were restorated with resin composite. The patients were recalled after 1 year or 2 years and no complications were noted. Periapical radiographs demonstrated the complete healing of the periapical lesion.
Apexification with calcium hydroxide is associated with certain difficulties, such as longer treatment time, risk of tooth fracture and incomplete calcification of apical bridge. MTA is an alternative material that can be used for apexification of open apices due to its biocompatibility, non-mutagenicity, non-neurotoxicity, regenerative abilities, and good sealing properties.

Dens invaginatus is a rare developmental malformation of teeth resulting from the invagination of enamel organ into the dental papilla. Dens invaginatus classified by Oehlers into three categories according to the depth of penetration and communication with periapical tissues or periodontal ligament. Treatment plan varies from restorative methods to extraction. This article reports that diagnosis and treatment of a type III dens invaginatus in the left maxillary lateral incisor.