INTRODUCTION: To determine the approach for diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant diseases in general dentists and to test whether graduation times make a difference in these approaches.


METHODS: The survey consisting of four sections was filled out by 381 dentists on online.anketler.com. The first part included demographics, second section included questions about the characteristics of peri-implant mucosa and diagnosis of peri-implant diseases; third section included questions about the treatment of peri-implant diseases; and fourth section included questions about risk factors. R software for statistical analyzes was used.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in responses regarding peri-implant mucosa characteristics and peri-implantitis risk factors according to graduation time (p>0,05). Although responses regarding peri-implantitis treatment options were generally similar (p>0,05), differences were observed in local antiseptic and systemic antibiotic use among the study groups (p<0,001, p=0,021, respectively). Differences were also observed in responses to options of surgical/resective/regenerative treatments among the study groups (p<0,03, p=0,004, p<0,018, respectively). Undergraduate education as a source of information was reported as 88,6% among recently graduated dentists and 29,9% among older dentists (p<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It would be beneficial to organize more and comprehensive training courses and seminars on peri-implant diseases for dentists who graduated a long time ago.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the surface hardness and color changes of resin composites produced for direct, indirect, and 3D printing applications.
METHODS: Forty-five samples with a diameter of 9 mm and a thickness of 3 mm were prepared. After polymerization, the samples underwent ultrasonic cleaning, polishing, and coloring procedures. Microhardness measurements were taken using a Vickers microhardness device, and color change parameters were determined using a spectrophotometer. The data were statistically evaluated using ANOVA for repeated measurements.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found in microhardness measurements among the three different composite resin groups after initial, ultrasonic cleaning, polishing, and coloring procedures (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in microhardness measurements between the initial and ultrasonic cleaning stages (p > 0.05). Microhardness values differed significantly after polishing and coloring (p < 0.05).Orange juice did not cause a significant color change (∆E) in any of the restorative materials (p>0.05), while significant color change (∆E) was found in samples exposed to coffee after orange juice (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The color and microhardness of all used composites were affected by polishing and coloring procedures, with varying effects observed for each material.

INTRODUCTION: The main factor in dental preclinical education, to learn working methods through realistic phantom jaws. The study aimed to compare the amalgam restorations prepared in preclinical education in different training models with objective evaluation criterion such as contour and contact.
METHODS: Class II amalgam restorations made by second-year students in three groups: (S) stone model, (P) plastic model and (N) phantom model were evaluated by second-year faculty members and staff according to the determined criteria such as proximal cavity form, edge and contact compatibility, and compatibility of restorations' proximal and gingival areas (n=163). The restorations were prepared by the students in the phantom practice, considering, cavity preparation, liner, matrix-wedge, restoration phases and time allocated to each assignment (t=2 hours). McNemar-Bowker and Friedman tests were applied for the statistical analyses.
RESULTS: All models gave similar results in cavity preparation phase. However, there was no difference in the mesial or distal surfaces of amalgam restorations in stone and plastic models, the amalgam fit in the distal region in the phantom models was found more successful than others (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The use of phantom models that contains improved plastic teeth, which can imitate real teeth better will contribute more to student preclinical training in dental education.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates the awareness and knowledge levels of dentists about 3D printing systems and the frequency of application of these systems in their clinical practice.
METHODS: Data collection was carried out through a 19-question survey created through Google Forms. While the first 5 questions in this survey measure demographic characteristics such as gender, age, professional title, professional experience, and the institution, the other 14 questions consist of technical questions that measure the knowledge and experience of dentists about 3D printing technologies.
RESULTS: A survey of 358 dentists revealed 61.5% were general dentists, 22.9% were research assistants, and 15.6% were specialists. Knowledge of 3D printer technology was significantly higher among those in public hospitals and with ≤5 years of experience (P<0.05). While 75% did not use 3D printers, 12% used them several times a month, 8% several times a week, and 4% several times a day.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge about 3D printing technologies is higher in dentists who have five years or less of professional experience. It has been determined that the high-cost systems of 3D printing technology are the main factors limiting the use of the systems in dentistry practice.

INTRODUCTION: Fragment reattachment has been suggested as an interim emergent treatment modality for crown root fractures of permanent incisors. However, they may re-fracture leading to fragment dislodgement, even with in the acute phase. Hence, this in vitro study aimed to compare the efficacy of three management protocols of re-fracture of teeth with uncomplicated crown root fractures.
METHODS: Sixty mandibular bovine incisor teeth were selected and were fractured to simulate uncomplicated crown root fracture. Fragments were rehydrated and reattached as per the etching‒bonding protocol and stored in artificial saliva. They were refractured and randomly allocated to three groups for rebonding: Group-I(reattachment without rehydration), Group-II-(rehydration and reattachment), and Group-III-(restoration using composite). Universal testing machine was used to evaluate the force required to fracture them.
RESULTS: Group III showed the highest mean force (338.95±81.94N, 95%CI- 300.60, 377.30), followed by Group II (255.56±58.19N, 95%CI-198.32, 252.79). The lowest value of force required to fracture was observed in Group I (141.76±60.16N, 95% CI-113.60, 169.92).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The force required for fracture was greater in the teeth where composite restoration was done instead of re-bonding of dislodged crown-root fragment. Among the reattachment groups, the force required to fracture was greater when rehydration was performed.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood is period when dental anxiety is most common, and this behavioural disorder, which is common during this period, is associated with fear of dental procedures and the environment of the dental clinic. The study aimed to evaluate effect of two separate dental sessions on anxiety level of children in dental clinic.
METHODS: 240 children aged 6-9 years who have two caries on mandibular primary molars were included current study. Before and after the dental procedures The Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) was applied to all participants in consecutive visits. Physiological parameters were measured with pulse oximeter every five minutes during dental treatments. SPSS software (version 22.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago) was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Participants’ mean age was 6.9±1,18 years. Both preoperative and postoperative ACDAS scores were significantly higher at the first visit than at the second visit. Statistically significant differences were observed in heart rate scores between treatment sessions (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that consecutive dental visits decreasing the dental anxiety level of children aged 6-9 years. These findings emphasize the significance of consecutive treatment visits in pediatric dentistry.

The concept of epigenetics is gaining increasing attention because it can cause changes in phenotype without altering the DNA sequence and to be found to have a very effective role in the emergence of phenotypic variations and many diseases, as well as genetic factors. In comparison to the studies on the relationship of epigenetics with other systemic diseases in the field of medicine, studies on the place of epigenetics in dentistry are very few. However, studies on the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and oral diseases and their effects on dentistry practice continue to increase and become popular day by day. It is tought to have effects on tooth formation and development, orthodontics, periodontal diseases and caries formation. In this review, the functioning of epigenetic mechanisms is explained and it is aimed to discuss the relationship of these mechanisms with tooth development and oral diseases. The relationship of epigenetic mechanisms with caries, which one of the most important diseases of childhood, and its effects tooth formation were especially evaluated. At the same time, current epigenetic-related studies and promising new treatment approaches for dentistry practice are included.

Pulp necrosis in immature permanent teeth results in the cessation of root development. In such teeth, pulp necrosis is commonly attributed to factors such as caries or trauma. Endodontic treatment of immature teeth with open apices presents various clinical challenges, particularly concerning root canal preparation and obturation, which require meticulous attention. Treatment options for immature teeth include conventional root canal therapy, apexification, creation of an apical barrier using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and regenerative endodontic procedures. Each of these treatment approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current treatment options for the clinical management of immature permanent teeth with open apices.

When a fixed prosthetic restoration is desired to be made on multi-unit implants for patients with complete edentulism; the accuracy of the impression process is very important for the passive compatibility of the prosthesis, its aesthetic, its ability to completely fulfill its function and to maintain its structural integrity during applicatıon.Today, the measurements required for the production of full arch fixed prostheses superstructures of multi-unit implants applied for total edentulism rehabilitatıon can be obtained by traditional and digital methods. While traditional impression-taking methods are time-consuming, invasive, lead to complications and impression errors, intraoral scanners shorten treatment times and increase patient comfort with fast digital scanning.The easy storage and transmission of the digital data enables more effective communication between dentists, laboratories and other healthcare professionals. However, intraoral scanners have their advantages but also some uncertainties.
In this review, models obtained with the traditional method and intraoral scanner used in the rehabilitation of multi-unit implant-supported full arch fixed prosthesis with complete edentulism are compared and their contributions to prosthetic success are presented.

Research on the etiology of cancer suggests that bacteria playing a role in inflammatory processes, in addition to factors such as genetic factors, tobacco and alcohol use, environmental factors, aging, nutrition, and family history, can contribute to the development of cancer in the oral cavity and body. Research evaluating the relationship between inflammation and cancer demonstrates that cancer is not only a cellular-level process but also a complex one involving interactions with the organism's immune system. Studies investigating the relationship between oral cancer and the microbiome emphasize the significant impact of identifying the disease's pathogenic mechanisms on early diagnosis and determining effective treatment strategies. It has been shown that periodontal disease, in particular, may be influential in the development of oral cancer, various bacteria may play a role in cancer development, and changes in the oral microbiome may affect cancer prognosis. Research on the potential roles of bacteria such as C. albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, and Streptococcus spp. in the development of oral cancer may facilitate the development of new approaches in cancer treatment. In this context, further research into the effects of the oral microbiome on cancer development and prognosis is crucial.

Osseointegration describes the process by which dental implants integrate and become fixed within bone. This process occurs following the placement of the implant into the bone and is characterized by the direct contact between the implant and the surrounding bone. Osseointegration is critical for the long-term stability and durability of implants.
Autoimmune diseases, particularly their effects on bone metabolism, can have an impact on osseointegration. In autoimmune diseases, immune responses can alter bone remodeling. This can negatively affect the osseointegration process, increasing the risk of implant failure.
For instance, autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis are associated with dry mouth, mucosal inflammation, and periodontal diseases. As a result, bone loss may occur around dental implants.
However, it has been shown that dental implants can successfully osseointegrate in individuals with autoimmune diseases. Therefore, patients considered for implant treatment should be evaluated, individually taking into account the status and management of their autoimmune conditions. Additionally, regular follow-ups and maintaining proper oral hygiene after implant placement can enhance the success of the osseointegration process.